Marketing Across Culture Success or Dilemma Essay

Marketing across culture is one of the biggest issues which multinational companies have been confronting nowadays. Since marketing is an important factor for the propagation of a particular product or company, marketing plan should also be effective simultaneously. Every organization has to pay attention towards all the aspects which can make a marketing plan successful and ethical aspect is one of them. Since global marketing is a complex process, ethical issues like cultural diversity is one of the major reasons that can cause failure of marketing plan. Marketing across culture is basically defined as product or service promulgation beyond the borders. Since beyond borders, culture, lifestyle and audience get changed, the attitude of the people also gets changed simultaneously. (Hutterer 2006) So, it can be regarded an ethical dilemma to market the products on international level and for dealing with such situation, company needs to scrutinize interests, traditions and culture of the indigenous people. However, different organizations have developed dissimilar strategies in order to cope with such ethical issues. Reasons of this dilemma Cultural diversity is generated by dissimilarity between native culture and the culture beyond the borders. Since every society has its own culture, its audience also possesses dissimilar concerns, ideologies, concepts, principles and keeping all these dynamics under consideration, a marketing plan is developed so that it can come up with the requirements of that respective culture. (Hall & Hall, 1990) If the organizations neglect this aspect without considering the emotions and affiliations of its audience important, the result appears in the form of negative consequences. Since the main reason of this dilemma is dynamic nature of traditions, the organizations usually employ strategic plan keeping the regional aspects under consideration. However, in such cases, the organizations which assume theory of relativism are considered successful because it enables them to come up with regional cultural requirements. Since there are no absolute criteria for universal morality in this regard, this ethical dilemma has been solved using the utilitarian approach and the example can be taken from IKEA Inc. In Saudi Arabia, they have kept ethical and moral concerns in limelight while marketing their services and their apology for using female images in marketing transmedia can be taken as evidence in this regard. (Quinn 2012) Another reason why this thing is considered a dilemma is that marketing across culture makes it complex for the organizations to comply with the needs of customers since not only traditions, culture and thoughts of the audience change with the boundaries, but their taste and priorities also change simultaneously. For instance, McDonalds in India markets its products keeping the vegetarian audience under consideration while in other regions like USA, UK and Canada, they market their products through promulgating other additional factors. Hence, through this way, McDonalds not only keeps the cultural but also religious needs of its audience under consideration and this ethical aspect of its marketing plan makes it outstanding in one way or other. However, with the expansion of the business on global level and with the advancement in technology, marketing has become rather a technical yet interesting task and the reason behind this fact is the propagation of social media and similar other sources. These sources have made it ample easy to approach targeted audience yet the cross-culture issue is still persistent since these sources do not give any remarkable evidence regarding the cultural diversity and marketing plan. Comparatively, there are different other organizations like Air Asia which have been struggling with the ethical issue of marketing across culture. Though it has assumed different ethical approaches like absolutism, egoism etc in order to deal with its audience yet there is no remarkable progress in making its service a world popular one. However, there can be several strategic options available to deal with this issue of marketing across culture. Proposed solution: Different solutions for dealing with the issue of marketing across culture are as followed: Pluralism: The first solution in this regard can be given in the form of pluralism since it enables the organization to have an in-between path of utilitarianism and absolutism. (Hinman 2011) Some organizations use absolute ethics for marketing its products and some consider utilitarianism as the best source of marketing across culture but both of them might cause failure since no absolute policy or theory works when the regions are diverse and discriminate from each other. So, only an organization, who assumes theory of pluralism in order to deal with this global dilemma, can get successful position in global market. For this purpose, the organization can also do cultural analysis before marketing its product. Cultural analysis before marketing: This solution can be regarded one of the most significant steps in order to deal with the dilemma of marketing across culture. The reason behind this claim is that understanding the culture of the native people would not harm their feelings in any way. Suppose, if McDonalds never does cultural analysis in India and launches its products without differentiating vegetarian and non-vegetarian food, the result would appear in the form of violation of ethical code of that country. In such case, this organization would face severe opposition and there would be no profitability as well. So, another best solution to deal with this issue would be cultural analysis of the organization and before marketing a specific product or service in any region of the world, it is mandatory for it to analyze the potential market from cultural perspective. Change management strategy: Apart from assuming above given both solutions, the organization would also need to have caliber to adopt change management strategy since marketing across culture would need a severe change in the core marketing plan of the company. In such case, the company would have to deal with the internal issues as well and it can deal with this global ethical dilemma only if it would be able to deal with the internal issues of the organization. Through assuming all these three solutions, all the organizations aiming at expanding its services beyond borders can deal with the ethical dilemma of marketing across culture. Hence, only through dealing with ethical issues, the organizations can get successful marketing promotions throughout then world. References: Hall, E. T. & Hall, M. R., (1990) Understanding cultural differences. Yarmouth, Me.: Intercultural Press. Hinman, L. M. (2011) Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Pub. Hutterer, R. (2006) Marketing Across Cultures – Qoo an International Success Story? NY: GRIN Verlag Quinn, Ben. â€Å"Ikea Apologises over Removal of Women from Saudi Arabia Catalogue.† The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 01 Oct. 2012. Web. 05 Jan. 2013. .

Bus 117 Introduction to Organizational Dynamics Week 5 Final Paper Essay

In this paper I will discuss how a team leader assesses how big the team is needed in order to accomplish the task assigned to them. This paper will also discuss the how conflicts can arise while trying to meet their goals. Such as which person works better in certain areas. I will also talk about how a team leader resolves their problems that may accure. In addition I will also discuss if team work will take longer to complete task along with some of its advantages. I will also point out some of the resistors to team work like not have the proper tools or supplies. I will also discuss how to be proactive so that you don’t run into this situation. Last but least I will give my own personal opinion on what I think when it comes to team work and how efficient it can be for the whole department. After speaking to one of my old supervisors and asking him how he went about making the determination of the size of the crew needed for the job. First explained that he would see how big the job was what equipment was going to be needed for the job. Next he would determine which of the guys would be needed to do the job. Now the size of the team was determined by how experienced the workers are in what the job calls for. The main thing he looked for in his workers skills were technical expertise, problem-solving and decision-making skills and interpersonal skills. He explain that he could have a hundred works but not have the experience to get the job done in the time frame given. So that’s why his people are carefully chosen so that it can go according to plan and making this operation very cost efficient and correct. He said usually smaller teams are the best and it reduces the risk of communication breakdown. As an example he said that if they had to ship out twenty windshields he would need all packing materials to be ready and make sure that he had seven people for the job to be done in a timely manner. Two of the seven would prep the shipping boxes the other two would properly pack the windshield so that it would get to the proper destination without damage. The other two would put all warning stickers and make sure that they were put at the right loading docks so that they could be sure. See more: how to start an essay The last person would inspect that right part was being shipped to the proper location on the order forms from the customers (dealers) and making the final calls that parts were on their way. When I asked him if he came across any conflict of any type his response was no, the reason he said no was because he cross trained everyone in the department and put his strongest workers in the position that they exceed in. also he built up a relation between them as far as work was concerned. Another he had weekly meetings and would listen to all concerns and let them talk it out amongst themselves and then in the end after listing to everyone he would answer all concerns that were in his control. The concerns that were beyond his pay grade he would bring it up to his supervisors and the following week he would inform his employees with the best answer that was given to him by his supervisor. His most common conflict wasn’t so his employees as he explain it was having the right part in stock or the part being in the right location. As went along with the interview I asked if he felt that team work might take longer than it would a single person. Surprising he said it all depends the on the task at hand and how well it’s prepared and if all supplies are in stock. Like the large load of windshields being shipped out would require a large team where a single person may not even close to finishing a third of the shipment due to the fact he would have to stop and look for some else with time on their hands or pull a busy person from his job to be able to lift the windshield to be able to finish packing it. By doing this it slows the entire shipping department and causing a little confusion that may cause some conflict. By better planning of larger jobs makes it a lot easier and more efficient to get the job done in a shorter time. I believe that having the right team and all the proper materials that team work would not take longer to do the job. I must also ke ep in mind that in a team work environment communication becomes the key fact due to the fact if communication breaks down it can lead to disaster. You must always be on top of making sure that the right orders were sent out by communicating frequently. There are many different types of resistors when it comes to team work and the one I found in our job environment was not having the right part to ship ran out of packing material due to back orders or not having the address to ship to. This affects the team greatly causing work to pile up while waiting for back orders to be filled pushing current work back to fill the back orders coming in making them a priority to get the old out and then work with the current. Even then with careful planning and watch due dates for back orders to arrive can help better plan how to organize your personnel. I’m a firm believer that being proactive in any situation and staying ahead of the game even when behind can only lead to positive outcomes in the end. I believe team work is more efficient when it calls for it. A good team starts with a great leader as well as a great team makes a great leader meaning that as long that there is a respect boundary between the leader and workers are there e fficiency is already there. The best way to make sure that your team is working in a efficient manner its best to prioritize your day in advance make sure everything you need for the next day is there and list your task by priority. Next set deadlines corresponding to what you have prioritized the night before in the order you put them last but least make sure your work space is organized and paper work is order to be able to start a fresh day. In doing this helps ensure that your team is running efficient and to their max potential. Leaving no room for conflicts or miscommunication for course of the day. In this paper you have read how a team leader determines what size the team should be and how they make their determination. You have also read on what kind of conflicts may occur in a team environment and how they can be resolved. I have also explained on how resistors can affect the team and they are not always within the team its self. You have also read how teams can be more ef ficient when properly organized.

Under Manhattan Sky (Lisa) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Under Manhattan Sky (Lisa) - Essay Example To begin with, she is frank in that she is able to state bluntly that she is a prostitute to whoever wishes to know, including Tim. Consequently, Tim will be able to understand her feelings and experiences, and this will drive the plot into revealing that Tim and she are brother and sister. This corresponds with my character because I am also frank. She also faces rejection; thus, moving from one foster home to another. Finally, finds her brother, who is very rich and she settles down to normal life. For the character of Lisa to have a powerful impact on the audience, she will have a hoarse sexy voice to depict the fact that she is a prostitute. She would also be dressed skimpily, have high heels and move with slow deliberate steps that accentuate the swinging of her hips. She should overdo her make-up, especially lipstick and eye-shadow. This would be in keeping with her role as a whore in the play. Her physical qualities will also reflect her troubled childhood and the harsh life she has lived before becoming a prostitute. However, despite the hard exterior, Lisa has a soft underbelly. Too much bitterness has accumulated in her heart, owing to the difficult childhood she has undergone. Consequently, she can easily break down emotionally. Lisa character would not be complete without some improvisations. In improvisation, things deviate from the normal (Goldstein, 2009). In this film, Lisa has to claim that she knows Tim from somewhere though it is apparent that they have never met. This helps create the tension between she and Tim and leads to the discovery that they are brother and

Functioning part of society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Functioning part of society - Essay Example They have also not been to promote encouraging environment for improved post prison behavior to become acceptable part of mainstream society. It is estimated that ‘two-thirds of prisoners were rearrested for a new offense within three years of leaving prison. In Colorado, 63.7 percent of inmates released from the Department of Corrections in Fiscal Year 2002 were rearrested within 3 years’ (Colorado Commission, 2008, p11). The punishments are broadly conceptualized as a means to make the criminal realize his or her acts of misdemeanor and provide him with a chance to reform so they are not caught into the vicious cycle of criminal activities. But as the data show, the authorities and punishment has failed to prevent the recurrence of acts of crimes or effectively reform the criminals. Another very serious paradigm of contemporary prison environment is that of perpetuated violence and hidden dynamics of segregated crimes within the walls of prison. Michel Santos (2004) in his biographical book, ‘About Prison’ has asserted that American prisons’ cultural paradigms greatly foster an environment of racism and violence.

Contemporary issues in conflict and security Essay

Contemporary issues in conflict and security - Essay Example Terrorism has severe social, economic, and psychological impacts on the targeted people. Analysis proves that terrorism often has a genuine grievance to fight for. Also, the strategies they adopt are not considerably crueler than the strategies adopted by many superpowers. Thirdly, it has become evident that terrorism is considerably more unethical because it often targets innocent third parties as the victims. The solution does not lie in armed suppression, but in adopting peaceful ways. Attention should be given to the reasons behind grievances and they should be removed. Also, free communication and liberty should be encouraged in every nation. Lastly, instead of revenge and martyrdom, values like peace and cooperation should be instilled in people. Introduction Terrorism has become one of the most complex and oft-changing phenomena in the international sphere. As a result, it has gained an important position in the agenda of most nations. The surprising fact is that terrorism is present in various forms and various structures, and they have various motivating factors behind them. The root causes of terrorism One can find innumerous reasons behind terrorism when one looks into the works of various scholars who already studied the various aspects of terrorism. As a result, as Crenshaw (1981) opines in the article ‘The causes of terrorism’, it is difficult to find general explanations for terrorism. However, the scholar manages to divide the causes into two categories; the preconditions which are known as root causes and the precipitants which are known as trigger causes. It is possible to further the root causes into enabling factors which mean the factors which offer an opportunity for terrorism to come up, and situations which are direct motivations for terrorist campaigns (ibid). According to Ross (1996), the causes can be divided into three categories, namely structural causes, psychological causes, and rational choice. Following this, Gupta (2004, p. 19) introduced the argument based on ethnicity, religion, and nationalism. According to his opinion, terrorism takes birth when a leading figure manages to give a proper direction to the frustration faced by a number of people and manage to formulate a feeling of collective identity; and also the feeling of ‘we’ versus ‘them’ is successfully developed along with this (ibid). The work by O’Brien (1996) looked into the reasons behind terrorism. According to the scholar, there is a link between the foreign policy of superpowers during the times of international crisis and international terrorism. In order to substantiate his view, the scholar provides the example of the United States and Iraq. Through the work, the scholar proves that the possibility of terrorism increases when one party feels victimized by the superpower (ibid). Another study by Krueger and Malenkov (2003) named ‘Education, poverty and terrorism: is there a casual conne ction?† looks into the impact of lack of education and poverty on people’s tendency to become terrorists. However, after a thorough study of the situation in Israel and Palestine, the scholars reach the conclusion that there is no direct link between education, poverty and terrorism (ibid). In fact, the study observed that the terrorists from those areas were generally better educated that others. Also, the study reveals that the

Virtual Norms To Live By Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Virtual Norms To Live By - Case Study Example The virtual world makes it possible to interact with each other without being physically present. The availability of email, chat rooms, video conferencing, texting and calling on mobile and landline phones makes virtual collaboration more convenient. As it is with groups working face-to face, virtual teams also need norms to live by. Karten (2003) explains that team norms should be formed in order for team members to be guided accordingly as to how they interact, communicate and conduct themselves as members of the team. It follows that such norms should be agreed upon and clearly understood and interpreted by all the members of the group. Norms are not really set in stone. Should some norms prove to be ineffective or unsuitable already to the group, then they may be amended. I have enumerated ten norms that I believe will work with virtual teams and help them work together better. Communication Norms 1. Be open to each other’s ideas. Give each other the chance to communicate them and listen well without judgment. Objectively listening to other people’s ideas can actually be an enriching experience. Richmond & McCroskey (2005) defines organizational communication as â€Å"the process by which individuals stimulate meaning in the minds of other individuals by means of verbal or nonverbal messages in the context of a formal organization.† (P. 20). ... When one sends a message to another team member, it may be possible that the recipient is not online to receive the message at that particular moment, so the sender needs to give allowance of time before his message is received and acknowledged. It must be considered that members are not online on a round-the-clock basis and is also living a life offline that is has no relation to the project. This should be clearly understood so that disappointments are avoided. If there is an urgent message to be expected, one should be informed by mobile phone right away so he can check his email. 3. Acknowledge receipt of messages. In relation to the previous communication norm, it is but polite to acknowledge the receipt of a message so that the sender is aware. If there is a question in the message, it needs to be answered by the recipient as soon as he can so there is less time wasted on waiting. 4. Ask questions if things are not clear. This is a very basic practice. Members should not be int imidated to ask questions because it is crucial that they are clear on what they should do. If one is unsure of what to do and just goes by what he just feels is right without clarifying with the others, he might end up doing it wrong, hence, repeating the whole process. Asking questions and getting the right answers for it saves the team a lot of time and effort. 5. Always be motivating to others. Members of a team should be constantly motivated and encouraged to go on with the tasks in order to achieve the set goals. Motivation may come in many forms - intrinsic motivation or the inner drive to learn which leads to personal fulfillment; extrinsic motivation, which consists of rewards or a prize for

Art and Culture issues in oxford cowley road Essay

Art and Culture issues in oxford cowley road - Essay Example The tradition of celebrating the Cowley Road Carnival started in 2001. It was a regeneration project. Before the Carnival project, the Cowley Road had a notorious image of crime. It was the local communities demand to cleanse the Cowley Road from the negative impact through East Oxford Action’s regeneration programme. Since then, the Carnival has become a regular practice for the regeneration of the area (seco). The Cowley Road has become a place for art and culture exhibition openly. According to Marcusen (2006), artists are not evenly scattered in cities, their distribution depends on their choices to live, employment opportunities in industries like media, advertising and publishing and keen interest taken by local authorities to support art work for its development. Artists add to the regional economic growth by exporting their art work and creating opportunities for import functions from other cities and areas to their city. Smaller performing art spaces also play a significant part in expansion of art work to other areas. A group of artists get formed in such urban spaces where local art flourishes and gets a place in economy of the region (p.1). It seems so true of the experience the Cowley Road Carnival of cultural show is giving to the ethnic communities there. The Cowley Road Carnival attends to local communities’ aspirations by contributing to specific themes and resolving of certain issues, which have become a priority. Issues and themes include: The carnival has become a symbol of local peoples’ tolerance of each other communities with the celebration of their feelings through the multicultural show. The carnival has become a raging success because of the collaborative support from the people, groups, schools and local organisations, representing art and culture but where from these artists come? (seco, 2010) In this context, it is argued by social theorists that artists are the soul of society, attacking aggressively